Slavery And Its Effects On African Americans - 1391 Words

America just like other nation has had its dark times. America has gone through a dreadful past. It once decided to own people as property and deprive them of their human equality and rights that were basic to life. America deprived African Americans of their liberties and enslaved them. Slavery played a huge role in the economy. Slavery did provide the means for whites to build wealth, income, and status while African Americans have continued to struggle. The oppression and segregation and the lack of rights made it impossible for African Americans to have any political and economic power to change their position. African Americans were basically deprived of their rights to vote and use the power of the government in their own favor to better their living standards. However reparation is not needed. Many may argue that reparation is what African Americans need to better themself now in the current economy states Robert L. Allen, yet it is impossible to establish who s a descendant? The â€Å"Economist† argues that their laws in play that deny and prohibit reparations from corporations and companies. Ask yourself how can we put a price tag on something that happened nearly two and a half centuries ago? In what form would this payment be? How will the central government handle this? How will the economy handle such a large debt? Why should American taxpayers, who never owned slaves, pay for the sins of their ancestors? It is impossible to forecast such a large change in theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Slavery on African Americans1909 Words   |  8 PagesSlavery, due to its overall violent nature, had lasting effects on African American’s. Enslaved African Americans faced tremendous turmoil internally and within society with all that they had to deal with. The most apparent and disastrous affects of slavery during the 18th century was the overall dissolution of society in regards to human rights, families, and the inability for slaves to voice a n opinion of their own. Slavery brought forth major suffering. African American’s who were enslaved experiencedRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On African Americans990 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery was not fun for the African Americans and they found ways to resist this degrading position that they were forced into. The slaves would rearrange the lyrics to Christian music and sung the songs to express themselves and send a message to their masters. The enslaved African Americans would even bring harm to themselves so they would not be any additional benefit to the slave masters in multiple ways. They reverted to drastic measures to resist this awful feeling and condition by cuttingRead MoreThe Horrific Effects Of Slavery On African Americans1649 Words   |  7 PagesMany are aware of the gruesome effects of slavery. But how many take into consideration the minute, yet very significant, basic privileges that were revoked from the innocent, enslaved African Americans? A majority of slaves were prohibited from knowing birth dates, family heritage, common arithmetic, and much more. A fear so great that the agglomeration of African Americans would rise up, forced government officials to set certain codes (rules) that ultimately preempted rebellion and escape. TheseRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Slavery On African Americans839 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery was a sad event that African Americans had to go through in America starting in the sixteen hundredths. Slavery was bad because African Americans were kidnapped from Africa by Slave Traders and put on slave ships that enslave d African Americans. The Atlantic Slave Trade is the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people. Mainly from Africa to America and then, Africans were sold into slavery. Innocent African Americans were captured and beaten almost to death in captivity byRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery On African American Communities1688 Words   |  7 Pagesdevastating effects of slavery on African-American communities. Slaves faced degradation, brutality, sexual exploitation, and inadequate living conditions. Some colonists viewed slavery was immoral and inhumane and supported the abolition of this practice. However, this issue continued to exist in the early American republic because of slavery’s immense role in driving the national economy and the protection of slavery by the Constitution and Southern politicians. The institution of slavery was necessaryRead MoreEffects of Slavery on the African American Family1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of slavery on the African American family were tremendous. From slave mothers and fathers having their children taken away and sold, to brothers and sisters being split apart, to having the actual slave-owner being the one to father children with slaves, to even say that African American families even existed might sound ridiculous. But they did exist; it just depends on what you might define as a family. Slavery did not weaken or dissolve the African American family. Instead, itRead MoreThe Effects of Slavery on the African-American Family Structure1272 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Slavery on the African American Family Structure Slavery had an immense impact on African American families, as the familial dynamic of the African American family was in many ways responsible for the stereotypes surrounding black families in the present moment. Not only were families the sole property of their slave owner, but there were laws restricting their rights and privileges. However, despite the fact that the African American slave family existed in a perpetually tumultuousRead MoreLasting Effects Slavery Has Had on African American Culture Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the colonial period early American settlers came up with the idea to bring African natives overseas to America and use them as slaves. The white man was higher up than the black man in society at the time because of the color of his skin. Americans consider this the biggest blight on our history. The shame of this period in our history still continues today for many whites, but many blacks still feel angry and oppressed. With the election of our fi rst black president, we are really showingRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved : Dehumanization Of Slavery And Its Effects On African Americans And Their Basic Forms Of1268 Words   |  6 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved shows the dehumanization of slavery and its effects on African-Americans and their basic forms of existence—specifically motherhood. Morrison depicts the strong maternal bond between Sethe and her children. Most importantly, her use of Sethe’s controversial act of infanticide shows the lengths that Sethe will take to protect her children from slavery. Morrison’s depiction of Sethe’s motherhood shows how slavery has deconstructed the Eurocentric expectations and traditionsRead MoreAfrican American Exceptionalism1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe abolishment of slavery has never made America Exceptional because the systematic oppression of African Americans occurred for decades after they were freed. American Exceptionalism is the belief that Americans are superior because the United States follows a different set of laws and norms that govern other countries. Supposedly, these differences account for the freedom that Americans have, which other countries lack. However, not all Americans, such as African Americans, have been able to practice

Socialism Essay - 1354 Words

Socialism Socialism is the economic theory or system, in which the community owns the means of production, distribution, and exchange collectively, usually through the state. It is characterized by production for use rather than profit, by equality of individual wealth, by the absence of competitive economic activity, and, usually, by government determination of investment, prices and production levels. It is collective because society can control production unlike capitalism and because production is for the common good rather than for individual profit. At the same time it is individual because workers are no longer a large alienated group of people employed by a minority of owners. Work becomes a free and self-affirming activity†¦show more content†¦An argument against socialism is because of this lack of a profit motive the society cannot advance. Assuming this statement is true#8230;it really is the point of socialism. Socialisms purpose is not to have an overabundance or su rplus of goods. It is when a surplus occurs when social classes are more defined. Under socialism a lack of profit motive would ensure everyone is getting exactly what he or she needs. Now let us examine if a lack of a profit motive is bad. Let us take a steel worker under a capitalist state. Te steel worker receives zero profit from the work he puts out. The profit he works for goes directly to the owner of the plant, mill, or mine. Why, then, does the worker work? If profit is not his incentive, what is? Most people, in capitalist society, work because they have to. If they didnt work, they couldnt eat. Its that simple. They work, not for profits, but for wages, in order to obtain food, clothing, and shelter. There would be the same impulse to work under socialism#8212;people would work in order to earn a living thus disproving a lack of advancement theory#8230;yet another reason why the working class would support socialism. Socialism offers additional incentives to work which capitalism cannot offer. Under capitalism the result of any extra effort is not public benefit but private profit. Under socialism, however, the appeal to work hard and well is based on the grounds that it is society as aShow MoreRelatedSocialism1284 Words   |  6 PagesSocialism High Point University ECO 207 Tony Benjamin Socialism Socialist government is not state government. It would not rule over people and places, but would empower the people to rule over things. Socialism means a government in which the people collectively own and democratically operate the industries and social services through an economic democracy (SLP 2006). Under socialism, it is his/her fellow citizens and co-workers who create the policies and conditions for its communityRead MoreCapitalism Vs. Socialism And Socialism868 Words   |  4 PagesCapitalism vs Socialism Capitalism and socialism have been two school of thoughts in economics that have opposing factors, and there have been a lot of criticisms and comparison on which economy is better in terms of economic equality, and the role that the government plays in the society. In most situations, a society with a better economic opportunities and choices, with more technological advancement and private owned businesses would be a better option to a society that is collectively ownedRead MoreRevisionist Socialism1088 Words   |  5 PagesRevisionist Socialism What is it? Revisionist socialism seeks to reform or tame capitalism rather than abolish it. †¨It seeks to reconcile socialism with capitalism. It seeks social justice in the sense of narrowing the economic and social inequalities (to varying degrees) within capitalism through welfare and redistribution. Social democracy is the most obvious example of revisionist socialism. Revisionists are invariably parliamentary, not revolutionary, socialists. Bernstien BeginningRead MoreWhat Is Socialism?780 Words   |  4 PagesSocialism means a society restructured according to the working-class principle of solidarity. It means an economy of democratic planning, based on common ownership of the means of production, a high level of technology, education, culture and leisure, economic equality, no material privileges for officials, and accountability. Beyond the work necessary to ensure secure material comfort for all, it means the maximum of individual liberty and autonomy. Working-class socialism - counterposed byRead More Socialism Essay1751 Words   |  8 Pagessociety would be as socialist, we must understand the difference between socialist and capitalist ideas. The question becomes not so much as what is socialism, but how does it differ from capitalism, and what is wrong with capitalistic ideas to where we would need socialism. The problem becomes where do you draw the line between capitalism and socialism to where we have trust, sense of community and also competition? If the answer were that simple we would live in a perfect society. A problem thatRead MoreSocialism in The Jungle1715 Words   |  7 PagesSocialism in â€Å"The Jungle† By Tyler Dobson Sinclair’s  The Jungle  is a novel that tends to advocate for socialism as a remedy for the evils of capitalism that has dominated a society. Upton Sinclair’s piece was written in 1906, at a time when many European immigrants had migrated to the United States with the hope of becoming prosperous in their lives. However, their expectations were not met as some of them ended up being unemployed and those who managed to get jobs like Jurgis Rudkus inRead MoreSocialism : Socialism Vs. Capitalism1156 Words   |  5 PagesEric Butterbaugh Mrs. Penwell English Composition November 8, 2015 Socialism V. Capitalism In the past the word Socialism or Socialist has been used with a negative connotation but recently with the rise of Senator Bernie Sander, Independent from Vermont, running for the Democratic Nomination for President of the United States of America, it has became a positive word that many people are finding themselves agreeing with and flocking to see a Socialist speak about economic and social problemsRead More socialism Essay941 Words   |  4 Pages Socialism is a way of controlling the economy, in which the government owns and runs all of the businesses of a society. Socialism can be broken up into two different categories: Utopian Socialism and Scientific Socialism. These two types have some similar views, but also are very different in certain ways. For example, Utopian Society is basically a peaceful way to get what you want whereas Scientific Socialism, which was what Karl Marx represented, held the belief that the only way to get whatRead MoreThe Misunderstandings of Socia lism1238 Words   |  5 PagesQuotes like Winston Churchill’s have become part of the political rhetoric when leaders discuss the idea of socialism. In current events you can see the exact same argumentation being used against legislation such as the Affordable Health Care Act. Conservative talking heads such as Bill O’Reilly equate it to socialism because, as Mr. O’Reilly says himself, â€Å"[i]n order to provide for the have nots, the far left wants the federal government to seize the assets of solvent Americans. That’s what ObamaCareRead MoreThe And The Balance Of Socialism1370 Words   |  6 Pages May Fourth and the Balance of Socialism in China This essay examines the acceptance of communalism in China amidst all the challenges that contributed and moulded it. These challenges include anarchism, communism and New Village Movement. After the end of World War 1 and subsequent collapse of the Qing dynasty, the May fourth era was a time when China seemed intimidated by social war resulting from inequalities of modernization and imperialism from abroad. The Chinese intellectuals were opposed

System Design Business Report

Question: Discuss about theSystem Designfor Business Report. Answer: Introduction The report aims to prepare a business report for presenting the system analysis that has been done on the system and then finally present the system design that will serve as the basis for the construction of the business and the act as an example for the future processes. For the sake of preparation of the report, requirement analysis has been done by taking valuable decisions and viewpoints from various groups. Later the requirements of the system were realized and finally scalability was discussed citing its importance to a franchise. The requirement analysis has been done by consulting various people groups which will help in understanding the problem encountered and the timeline that will be needed for implementation of the project. The List of Questions What do you think about running a chain of restaurants? What are the factors important for running a chain? What are the factors that affect the business of an outlet? What do you think about the computers in management of the chain? What is the importance of signature dishes for a chain? What are the importance staffs in an organization? Is marketing necessary for running a restaurant? How is the capital important for a restaurant? What is the impact of location on the business of restaurant? How to impress customer? How to lure customer to restaurant? What values should be incorporated to make the restaurant match the world class level? Feedback from Group 1 The group has a chain of seven restaurants and serves a variety of dishes that are well loved by the customers. The group is against the just creation of chains that serves the same dishes across all the restaurants. According to the group each restaurant of the chain should have a different take based on the locality which will in turn help in the creation of value across all the entities, thus creating a child which has its base in parents but different according to its experience. The group has also laid emphasis on community, staffing, and communication. It has also been suggested that services should take the front seat rather than the money. Feedback From Group 2 This section includes the responses from a group of customers. This group has laid emphasis on five aspects. The first aspect is customer convenience, i.e. the restaurants should be well placed for the ease of access. Customer services, to ensure the visitors are well served and feel at home. Food Quality, for satisfying the taste buds of the customers. Bookkeeping, to ensure all the data regarding the transactions are well maintained. Finally suggestion by the group was going for the niche that helps in the creation of a newer customer base, and the expansion will have more credibility. Feedback From Group 3 This group consists of the members of the kitchen. According to the group, the chef is the most important part of a restaurant and hence choosing one for the restaurant should be the prime consideration. The group also suggested that the capital estimation should be exaggerated for redundancy. Finally, evolution should be given due importance as the chains who failed to evolve had perished with time. Feedback From Group 4 The fourth group consists of managers who have served various hotels and restaurants. The group has laid emphasis upon, hard work which will help in creating a good name for the chain. Money should also be given more importance and management, bookkeeping and a proper hierarchy should be maintained to ensure a smooth functioning of the system. The management of the company should be clear to the staffs about the goal of the organization and advertisement through suitable media should be done to reach the potential consumers. Feedback From Group 5 The final group is a combination of restaurant owners and the manager. The group has specifically mentioned that the papers of the restaurant should be according to the law of the land. The licensing should be given utmost importance and helps to avoid various actions that could be taken to harass the management. Following which management of staff, inventory, and other services were mentioned. The discussion from the group has presented many aspects upon which proper emphasis should be laid to succeed in the business of Restaurant and further expanding the entity through the chain. The main objective of this project is to analyze the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) related to management of the restaurant chain. The requirements that have been realized during the process of requirement analysis are: Each outlet of the chain should be treated as a separate entity; hence each restaurant should have a separate system that is connected to the main office (Ward and Peppard 2016). A roster system to record the data about the staff of the specific restaurant. This will not only help in keeping track of the staff but will also ensure better manageability of the staff and the resources. Inventory management system so that the requirement of each restaurant can be monitored centrally (Aggarwal and Mohanty 2015). Since all the outlets of the chain will be in the same vicinity, the resources can be shared which will save a lot of energy and resource. Bookkeeping software for management of monetary resources. Advertisement mechanism which could be through social media which will help in targeting the customers with specific tastes (Schwartz et al. 2013). What is Scalability? Scalability could be understood as the characteristic of the system to cope up with the increased pressure which could be increased load or expansion of the present system (Efentakis et al. 2013). In the context of ICT, scalability of a system has two aspects, firstly the system i.e. the hardware and the software continue to work at the same rate even when the volume of data increases at the present system. The other situation deals with the expansion of the system, i.e. the smaller system could be made larger by increasing the peripherals connected to the system (Borghoff and Pareschi2013). The aim of this project is to suggest a system design that will ensure scalability in both the fields, i.e. the systems will be made strong enough to deal with any amount of data and the peripherals will be made strong enough to support the expansion of the system. The Mexican food outlet that is supposed to be opened on Sunshine Coast aims to work under a franchise arrangement for the other future stores. Hence the business will expand, and the resources that are associated with the business need to expand too. As per the requirement of investor, each outlet should be interconnected to ease the ordering and inventory management. The outlets should have wireless access points to ensure internet connectivity be provided to the customers. The project will start with a single outlet on the beach which will act as the base for all the other outlets. Hence the system should be designed in such a way that any amount of expansion doesnt affect the system that has been installed at this point. Hence the scalability becomes a pivotal factor for implementation of the franchise (Mishra 2015). Why is it an Important Factor to Consider when Making Recommendations to the Franchise? As the business grows from a single outlet to multiple outlets, the main objective of meeting the demands of the consumers remains constant, but the load subsequently increases. Since the market demands are variable, and the taste of the consumer changes with time and according to the availability of resources, the service provider should always be a step ahead to meet the demands. The scalability becomes important as it gives the computation power needed for the expanding businesses. The expanding business provides more consumer and with it comes more data that has to be sorted out in due time to offer better services (DaSilva et al. 2013). Also, the internet service to consumers will feel the brunt is lesser capability is installed, and more customers turn up at the same time. Hence redundancy of the resources should be given the due importance. Apart from the internet services, the order placement and inventory management will also become complex with the increasing amount of outl ets, for the management of the same, computers with interconnection have to be provided to reduce the complexity of managing the resources. For interconnection switches or hubs should be installed that is capable of accommodating all the systems that are installed in the network. So it can be understood that the scalability should be kept in mind for an expanding the system (Wang et al. 2014). But it should also be borne in mind that scalability should be based on real assumption as installing more resources than the required quantity will result in resource wastage. Hence it can be seen that franchise has a specific requirement, it is created to grow into a system that is spread over an area. Since the requirement of the system is always unknown and the growth is unpredictable, some redundancy is always helpful, and scalability offers that extra mile to the organization that helps in better management of the system (JabÅ‚onski 2016). Conclusion In the report, the various aspects of the restaurant management system and its implementation have been analyzed and presented in three sections. The system has been designed in such a way to serve as a model for the other chain of the franchise that is yet to be implemented. In the first section, the requirement analysis has been done with the help of five groups; the requirements were then analyzed and presented with reasons for implementation. In the following section, personal views regarding the requirements have been presented. Finally, in the last section, scalability has been deliberated in detail which is an important factor for the expansion of the business and accommodating extra load on the present system, hence the completing the project layout in all the aspects. References Aggarwal, V. and Mohanty, P., 2015. Smart systems and smart grids for effective governance of electricity supply in India. InE-Governance for Smart Cities(pp. 159-175).Springer Singapore. Borghoff, U.M. and Pareschi, R. eds., 2013.Information technology for knowledge management.Springer Science Business Media. DaSilva, C.M., Trkman, P., Desouza, K. and LindiÄ , J., 2013. Disruptive technologies: a business model perspective on cloud computing.Technology Analysis Strategic Management,25(10), pp.1161-1173. Efentakis, A., Brakatsoulas, S., Grivas, N., Lamprianidis, G., Patroumpas, K. and Pfoser, D., 2013, November. Towards a flexible and scalable fleet management service.InProceedings of the Sixth ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science(p. 79).ACM. JabÅ‚oÅ„ski, A., 2016. Scalability of Sustainable Business Models in Hybrid Organizations.Sustainability,8(3), p.194. Mishra, C., 2015. Why and When Firms Franchise.Available at SSRN. Schwartz, H.A., Eichstaedt, J.C., Kern, M.L., Dziurzynski, L., Ramones, S.M., Agrawal, M., Shah, A., Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., Seligman, M.E. and Ungar, L.H., 2013. Personality, gender, and age in the language of social media: The open-vocabulary approach.PloS one,8(9), p.e73791. Wang, C., Liu, X., Song, Y. and Han, J., 2014.Scalable and robust construction of topical hierarchies.arXiv preprint arXiv:1403.3460. Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons.

Metacognition Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages Essay Example Essay Example

Metacognition: Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages Essay Example Paper Metacognition: Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages Essay Introduction Metacognition: Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages Metacognition: Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages Essay Body Paragraphs Metacognition: Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages Introduction Metacognition is defined as the process of â€Å"thinking about thinking.† Metacognition is the process of monitoring and controlling of one’s own knowledge, actions and emotions through assessing them or thinking about them. For instance, when one reads a complex text and finds it hard to comprehend, one can evaluate their learning strategy. Evaluating or thinking about the best strategy for reading the texts amounts to metacognition. Additionally, metacognition involves monitoring one’s own cognitive processes. This is how one learns and comprehends things. When one is aware of the problems they have within their cognition, they are able to focus on what works for them. Another definition of metacognition specific for education is the ability of students being aware of their understanding level in different topics. Thus, when students use metacognition, they are well positioned to evaluate what they already know about a topic, and what they need to learn. This gives them an added advantage when it comes to learning, since they are aware of what problems they have with their learning. The ability to know and understand one’s own cognitive processes allows students to find out the best learning strategies as well as their strengths in comprehending while learning, allowing them to employ other strategies that better improves their performance. Practically, the ability to be self aware of one’s cognitive abilities and processes enables them to regulate their cognition, maximize their potential in learning, thinking, and evaluating themselves as well as their performance. Students using metacognition have a great advantage since the ability to be self aware of one’s own level of knowledge and cognition processes helps them in making better decisions concerning their studies such as learning strategies to use and what to stu dy. Metacognition and Learning Process and Strategy Metacognition is about the awareness of one’s own level of knowledge and learning processes or cognitive processes. Cognitive process in learning refers to the process through which a person learns new things, such as through reading, observations, and listening. Using metacognition in evaluating the cognitive processes one can realize what would be their best cognitive strategy for learning. For instance, some people will know that learning in a library through engaging in in-depth reading, works better for them in certain topics, while others may know that comprehending a scientific text will require them to read wider than when comprehending history texts. Thus, understanding of one’s own cognitive process is a step towards improving performance. Metacognition allows students to questions themselves about the ideal active learning technique for them. Seeking to find out the ideal active learning technique allows st udents to find out what their learning capabilities are. With the ideal learning technique in mind, one can use it on the topics they need to comprehend. Lack of knowledge on one’s own cognitive process or learning process will lead students to using the wrong learning methods, probably those that might not be ideal for them. For instance, some students will only be aware of reading to pass quizzes instead of reading to apply knowledge. This could work for topics that do not need application. However, for other topics such as literature where one is supposed to apply the knowledge in analyzing other materials, such students will be in trouble analyzing other works. Therefore, they end up fining it hard to understand some topics. Some topics are hard to comprehend than others, requiring extra keenness and focus. However, without knowing about one’s own ideal learning strategy, one may use the wrong technique, and end up never comprehending the topic. Some people will le arn better through seeking answers to questions, while other will learn better through reading deeper and taking notes for revision. Therefore, learning about the learning strategies available would be the first requirement for students in order to have several to choose from depending on the topics and the ideal strategy. Metacognition and Level of Knowledge Lang (2012) explains that metacognition â€Å"is a person’s awareness of his or her own level of knowledge and thought processes. In education, it has to do with students’ awareness of their actual level of understanding of a topic.† About understanding of one’s own thought has already been addressed in the previous paragraph. In this paragraph, the focus is about awareness of one’s level of knowledge. Understanding of one’s own level of knowledge is about awareness of what one already knows, and what one does not. Many students will feel that they understand a certain topic well after reading it. The truth could be they are not aware of what they know and do not know. For instance, some students might have confidence about a certain topic, only to receive poor grades after an exam. They feel the answers they gave are satisfactory, but the truth is that they do not know the level of their knowledge. In short, they have poor metacognition, and can hardly realize this. â€Å"Weaker students typically have poor metacognition; they are grossly overconfident in their level of understanding. They think they have a good understanding when they really have a shallow.† (Lang 2012). He further says that such lack of metacognition contributes to poor decisions by such students, where thinking they already know a lot stops them from reading widely. They stop studying topic, even before they have enough in-depth knowledge and comprehension that is necessary for handling examination questions. On the other hand, students with better metacognition will understand the leve l of their knowledge, be aware of what they know as well as what they do not know. This will help them in reading deeper in order to establish what they have not covered. Students with good metacognition have a chance of improving their performance since they are aware of what they need to do to improve unlike those who lack metacognition, and never know what to do to improve. Social Metacognition Metacognition is a matter of assessing one’s own knowledge and learning processes as explained. Some people will have good metacognition while others will lack good metacognition. The above two parts focus on individual metacognition for improving performance, while social performance also helps students in improving their performance. Social metacognition is about assessing the level of knowledge and learning processes of other people. Chiu and Kuo (2010) cite â€Å"social metacognition is an extension of metacognition into group interactions† (321). When students come toget her for group discussions, they can help each other through assessing each other’s metacognition. For instance, when two students, A and B engage in a discussion, A could realize that B is using a method that is quite complex to comprehend. When A realizes the learning strategy used by B is wrong, he is engaging in social metacognition, since he assesses the strategy used by B. A could suggest another strategy to B, which could work better. Using groups enables the two students to help each other out, and this could go a long way in helping improve their individual metacognition. Through social metacognition, individuals can realize some of their strategies are not acceptable by learning other strategies from other students. Thus, monitoring and controlling each other’s knowledge and learning processes to solve group problems, helps students in assessing their own processes while learning from others. â€Å"Social metacognition distributes metacognitive demands among group members, increases the visibility of one another’s metacognition, and improves individual cognition, resulting in a reciprocal scaffolding and greater motivation,† (Chiu and Kuo, 2010. p.322). This goes ahead to help students in improving their performance the ability of social metacognition in highlighting individual limitations, expanding of their understanding and helping in sharing of knowledge. Counter Argument Despite the ability of metacognition in improving performance to students who use it, it could also act in the opposite direction. Students are likely to devote a lot of time to metacognitive processes and end up evaluating themselves incorrectly. Additionally, Chiu and Kuo (2010) cite that students could end up scaffolding poorly. However, through social metacognition, some of these difficulties could be avoided since one will be assessed by others, making evaluation more accurate. On the other hand, social metacognition is limited especially where on e person might dominate others, and communication difficulties. Despite the benefits of metacognition, assessing and evaluating oneself is not easy and poses problems of inaccuracy. Annotated Bibliography Chiu, M.M., Kuo, S.W. (2010). From Metacognition to Social Metacognition: Similarities, Differences, and Learning. Journal of Education, 3 (4): 321- 338 In this article, Chiu and Kou explore the ideas behind metacognition and social metacognition. They cite that individual metacognition is controlling and monitoring of one’s own knowledge and, emotions, and actions, while social refers to the same, but in this case done to others in a groups where one assesses and controls other people’s knowledge. They explore the differences and similarities of the two, as well as their benefits and difficulties. The article provides a reliable source of secondary research. Lang J. M. (2012). Metacognition and Student Learning. The Chronicle of Higher Education In this article, the author explores and explains metacognition through examples in real life. For instance, he starts by mentioning about how people will enjoy watching some poor singers who went for auditions in the Idols reality show, believing they are good while they are pathetic. He goes ahead to explain metacognition in relation to education. He cites that metacognition in education is about knowing one’s own level of knowledge about a particular topic. He goes ahead to cite other professionals in the area about metacognition and ways of learning metacognition. The article is ideal for research on identifying metacognition in people and ways it can be used in helping students improve performance. References Chiu, M.M., Kuo, S.W. (2010). From Metacognition to Social Metacognition: Similarities, Differences, and Learning. Journal of Education, 3 (4): 321- 338 Lang J. M. (2012). Metacognition and Student Learning. 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Thanking in French - Merci et Les Autres Remerciements

Thanking in French - Merci et Les Autres Remerciements You all know â€Å"merci†. But there are different ways to say thank you in French, as well as different meanings to the word. Merci: The Common Way of Saying Thank You in French â€Å"Merci† is ‘thank you’. Its pronounced â€Å"mair see† with an open ‘ay’ sound not a closed ‘ur’ sound. You can make it stronger by saying â€Å"merci beaucoup† – ‘thank you very much’. Note that the very is included, you cannot say â€Å"merci trà ¨s beaucoup†. To say ‘a thousand thanks’ we say â€Å"mille mercis† or â€Å"merci mille fois†. It’s pretty common in French as it is in English. You usually accompany a vocal â€Å"merci† with a smile, and it implies that you accept whatever is being offered to you. However, if you want to refuse something, you could say â€Å"non merci†, or even just say â€Å"merci† with a hand gesture, showing your palm to the person in front of you in a kind of stop gesture.  You make shake your head â€Å"no† at the same time. You may smile or not, depending on how firm you want the  refusal to be. When you thank someone, they may answer merci toi / vous - in English, youd say thank YOU, with the emphasis on the you, meaning I am the one thanking you. Je Vous/Te Remercie Pour... I Thank You For in French Another way to say ‘thank you’ is to use the verb â€Å"remercier†. â€Å"Remercier†, ‘to thank’ is followed by a direct object (so it will take the pronouns me, te, le, la, nous, vous, les), and then by â€Å"pour† ‘for’, just as it is in English. Je vous/te remercie pour ce dà ©licieux dà ®ner. I thank you for this delicious dinner meal. Note that the verb â€Å"remercier† has a stem in â€Å"i†, so the final sound will often be a vowel, just like the verb â€Å"à ©tudier†. Je vous/te remercie pour les fleurs – I thank you for the flowers.Je voulais vous/te remercier pour votre/ta gentillesse – I wanted to thank you for your kindness. Using â€Å"remercier† is very formal in French, much less common than using â€Å"merci†. Click here for more ways of expressing gratitude in French. Les Remerciements - The Thanks When talking about the thanks, the noun, you’d use the noun â€Å"le/les remerciement(s)†, usually used in the plural. Tu as les remerciements de Susan – you have Susan’s thanks.Je voudrais lui adresser mes remerciements – I would like to send him/her my thanks. No Thanksgiving in France Thanksgiving  is not a French holiday at all, and most French people have never heard of it. They may have seen some Thanksgiving dinner on a sitcom on TV, but probably discarded the info. There is no Black Friday sale in France either.   In Canada, Thanksgiving is called â€Å"l’Action de Grà ¢ce(s)† with or without an S and is celebrated pretty much in the same fashion as in the US, but on the second Monday of October. Thank You  Notes in France Its somewhat less common in France to write une carte de remerciement. I mean, its not uncommon, and its very polite, but its not like in the Anglo-Saxon countries  where Thank You cards are a huge market. If youve been treated to something really special, you can absolutely send a thank you card or a handwritten note, but dont expect your French friend to necessarily reciprocate. Its not rude of them, its just not that deeply rooted in our politeness.

The Many Uses of Best

The Many Uses of Best The Many Uses of â€Å"Best† The Many Uses of â€Å"Best† By Maeve Maddox Besides its use as a simple adjective meaning,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"of the highest excellence, excelling all others in quality,† the word best serves as other parts of speech and occurs in many English idioms. As a verb, to best means to get the better of, get an advantage over, outdo; to outreach, outwit, circumvent. â€Å"Jack’s wife always bests him at bridge.† Best can be a noun. â€Å"Marilyn wanted nothing but the best for herself and her family.† As an adverb best modifies a verb. â€Å"All the boys are good at drawing faces, but James does it best.† Here are several common idioms that make use of the word best. The list is by no means exhaustive. best man: the chief male attendant who stands up for the groom at a wedding. With the advent of same-sex marriage, the term is beginning to lose its gendered meaning. the best people: people considered better than most, either because they come from old, established families, or because they possess superior moral qualities. â€Å"The best people possess a feeling for beauty, the courage to take risks, the discipline to tell the truth, the capacity for sacrifice.† Ernest Hemingway best boy: the principal assistant to the chief electrician in a film crew best seller: what every writer wants to have or to be. The term usually applies to a book or other product, but sometimes it stands for a best-selling author. (Yes, best-selling takes a hyphen.) second best: next in quality to the first. No one wants to be â€Å"second best,† but whether or not it’s a bad thing depends upon who or what is â€Å"first best.† For example, in the Forbes list of the richest people in the U.S., Warren Buffett is â€Å"second best.† His net worth of a mere $58 billion puts him in second place after Bill Gates. Gates has $72 billion. to do one’s best and to give it one’s best shot: both expressions mean â€Å"to do something to the best of one’s ability,† but they have differing connotations: â€Å"I always try to do my best.† (applicable to any situation) â€Å"I may not have time to pick up the laundry, but I’ll do my best.† (implies that the effort may be futile) â€Å"Everyone else in the contest has more experience, but I’ll give it my best shot.† (the odds of failure are greater than those of success.) to make the best of it: adjust to a bad situation. â€Å"The tornado destroyed our house, but we’ll make the best of it.† for the best: better than it seems or seemed at the moment. â€Å"His bride left him at the altar, but it was for the best because he met and married someone better.† the best of both worlds: a situation in which you can enjoy two very different things at the same time. Nina Dobev, who portrays both human Elena and her doppelganger, former vampire Katherine in [ The Vampire Diaries] said she gets the best of both worlds. Some â€Å"best† expressions are hyphenated: best-built best-aimed best-bred best-dressed best-kept best-laid best-managed best-meaning best-meant best-preserved best-intentioned best-natured best-tempered Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowHow to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksTypes of Ignorance

Experience Vs. Qualification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Experience Vs. Qualification - Essay Example This misconception is not correct that experience matters more than qualification. Qualified graduates need not dishearten in the absence of experience. Accredited qualification helps in offering plenty of job opportunities; it is true for all streams of study, for example taking the stream of Town Planning in which every year 2000 students get graduated from universities with an RTPI-accredited planning degree (Parkes, 2011). Graduates stand more chances of selection by using various recruitment channels rather than depending solely on traditional methods. Students can no more depend on campus recruitment alone. Lack of experience should not discourage graduates. Some of the suggestions for getting jobs are graduation include: 1. Networking these days has become critical for getting recruited, as only one in five jobs are advertised. In the planning job scenario, the young planners’ network group which held even a speed networking event in Birmingham, could be the best platform for meeting the like-minded audience, prospective employers and create links that help in off-campus recruitment. 2. Graduate students need to maintain high level of awareness on current affairs and possess an insight of the policy decisions related to their subject taken by the government at various levels. It can provide an edge over others in the recruitment process. 3. Due to lack of experience, getting a job becomes additionally arduous task. Ideal way is to offer help to prove your calibre; it can realise in bigger gains. Initially, an employer could be unwilling to offer a permanent job but afterwards may find the services offered by the graduate indispensable to the organisation and could materialise in job offering; it has happened in many cases. 4. Lookout for the organisation that could offer you your dream job. Locate the person doing that dream job, and request their time to guide you on getting where they are today. Such people can offer better advice as they had been in similar position where a graduate finds himself. Chances of getting that dream job could brighten if your dream job is advertised and that guide recalls you to offer that opportunity. 5. Widen your knowledge circumference and work experience to be called for the waiting opportunity amid economic downturn and job competition. Your passion for the job to the prospective employers should be clearly visible while you are still amidst your study. Offer yourself to be a volunteer to charities and community organisations to lead their projects. The RTPl website can provide required assistance pertaining to recruitment agencies and guidance from those who have overseas experience, which can be worked out for getting a competitive edge (Parkes, 2011). Explanation of the Terms Qualification Before arguing in favour of qualification standing better prospects of job selection, a definition of qualification can help in comprehending how a qualifications framework in a given qualifications system can help graduates in selection. Werquin

Gay Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Gay Marriage - Essay Example Connecticut in reality began permitting same-sex marriages in the fall of 2009. In April 2009, Iowa's Supreme Court ruled in favor of permitting same-sex couples to marry, also giving advocates an important first victory in the nation's heartland and thwarting the notion that only the Northeast will permit it. 7 April 2009 the Vermont Legislature made the difference. Jim Douglas's veto of a bill permitting gay couples to marry, mustering precisely enough votes to conserve the measure. This step made Vermont the first state to actually permit same-sex marriage through legislative action instead of the ruling of court. Two more states--New Hampshire and New Jersey--recognize civil unions for same-sex couples; an intermediate step that supporters say has made same-sex marriage seem less scary. New England remains pivotal in same-sex marriage movement, with a campaign under way that will extend marriage rights to gay men and lesbians in all six of the region's states by 2012. The meaning of marriage gets completely redefined when two men marry each other and the same has become an issue that has come to the limelight. Gay marriage is a serious threat and it challenges the nature too and this is because two men can never reproduce and take their generation forward. They can adopt a child but they can never fulfill the gap left, that gap can only be fulfilled by a mother. The divorce rates are extremely high when two men or women marry each other and research goes to prove it. Heterosexual divorces are much less than homosexual divorces and this is another reason why people oppose gay marriages. Gay marriages have also come under intense scrutiny with regard to the tradition that the world has been following for many years. When it comes to mental health, it has been found that Gays are much less healthier than normal people and this is because of their genetic makeup, their way of walking, the way they talk differs from normal people and they are differen t from normal people. The Spread of Immorality The holy Bible is read in almost all the countries and according to the Bible "So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them." (Gods Plan for Sexuality). If the Bible is closely read it is clearly found that gay marriages are completely prohibited and against the law of nature. Bible is considered as the holy book for all those who believe in Christianity and homosexuality is ironically spreading predominantly in Europe where Christians are in abundance. This is completely unacceptable and unjust, people have become hypo crates these days, and they say a different thing but practice a completely different thing. It is high time for self reflection, such people must realize that what they are practicing is completely wrong and they must correct their actions. Bible completely rejects the concept of Gay marriage and this should be understood by the people. "If God had intended the human race to be fulfilled through both heterosexual and homosexual marriage, He would have designed our bodies to allow reproduction through both means and made both means of sexual intercourse healthy and natural. Homosexual anal

Oedipus Trilogy Essay Example for Free

Oedipus Trilogy Essay It was Sophocles who wrote the Oedipus Trilogy. Although Oedipus Rex has always been a common oral story to the Greeks, Sophocles added different dimensions in his rendition of the tragic story of Oedipus. Antigone was the epilogue of the trilogy and the last part of the story but it was the first play to be produced. Oedipus the King was the beginning of the trilogy, where the fate of Oedipus was prophesied, and the rise and fall of Oedipus was chronicled. And Oedipus at Colonus is the middle of the trilogy where Oedipus dies and his sons murder each other thus continuing the eventuality of the prophecy. In Antigone, the final pieces of the tragedy unraveled, thus completing the prophecy of the oracle to Oedipus. In Antigone, the play focuses more on the battle between opposing primary views and concerns. Actually, it was more on opposing pride. Antigone was determined to give his brother an honorable burial despite the fact that the current king blatantly forbids it. She maintains that love is above law and hegemony. Creon, on the other hand, although Polynices is his nephew, forbids the burial on the grounds that it is the law to refuse honorable funerals to traitors. Although the central characters have opposing views, their attributes are very much similar to each other. Both are blinded by their own pride in their decisions. Antigone, when confronted by Creon, refuses to back down despite the fact that Creon threatened her that her sister will be penalized together with her. Antigone, sees her action as a form of â€Å"martydom†. In a way she sees glory in what she had done by â€Å"sacrificing† herself for the sake of his brother, which somewhat preposterous because of the fact that his brother is already dead. Creon, likewise, refuses to change his decision despite his son’s threat of suicide if he condemns Antigone. Although he perceives that his son’s words were not empty threats, he still refused to change his decision. This is because he distinguishes his action as strength of leadership. He mistakes pride for decisive command. Antigone represents moral ascendancy over political law. Creon, on the other hand, symbolizes the primacy of the rule of law above all else. The play attempts to stir the audience to struggle on which side should prevail. Athens, during the time of Sophocles was in its golden age. Democracy has been the highest point of the era. However, there are certain rules of law that exist to govern the democratic state. The play seeks to arouse questions from among the audience. Whether certain personal morals and filial duty should take over the rule of law when the situation calls for it. Or whether the rule of law should always prevail to maintain order in the society. However, Sophocles drives home the point that there are no extreme grounds. Moral ascendancy and the rule of law are invariably intertwined and should be taken into consideration in making a decision. In the play it was the comical messenger that best manifested the careful weighing of consequences of his actions when he pondered to and fro on what to tell Creon. It was him that provided a middle ground. His action was the very reflection of the thoughts of the audience. Towards the end of the play, both Creon and Antigone became so blind of their pride in their decision that they were no longer fighting for what they believe is right. Antigone sees her suicide as a form of sacrilegious immolation as if she was giving herself up for the good of her brother. Likewise, Creon perceives his decision to condemn Antigone as strength of leadership. He thinks that if he pardons Antigone, then he had let Antigone â€Å"win†, that Antigone will emerge to be â€Å"the man† in the battle. Creon’s and Antigone’s greatest folly is their tendency to oversimplify the situation. Antigone reduced the circumstance to moral ascendancy and Creon to the rule of law. Their pride made them blind that their decision will lead to conflict and deliberation. Like all characters of the play, Oedipus’ tragic flaw is his pride. In Oedipus the King, the rise and fall of Oedipus was accounted to his pride. His killing of his father was brought about by his pride, his desire to seek the truth of his identity was driven by pride, his edict of severe punishment to the murderer of Laius was brought about by pride and even is in his lowest moment when he eventually discovered the truth he still clung to the last pieces of his trappings as king. However, there is a great difference in Oedipus’ pride and that of Creon’s and Antigone’s. Antigone claims that it was for her love of her brother that she disobeyed Creon but in reality she puts herself in a pedestal with greater morals than Creon could understand. She masked her pride with proclamations of sacrifice and martyrdom for filial love. Creon, on the other hand, asserts that his actions are but mere implementation of law. However, in truth, Creon revels at the power that he holds upon the kingdom. This is evident even in the play Oedipus the King when Creon demonstrated his newfound power by curtly cutting off Oedipus while he was still mourning his fate. Oedipus pride, however, was disguised as his earnestness. This was exposed when he declared that he would seek all means to end the plague in his nation. He was so earnest in his demonstrations to the people of his intentions to save his kingdom that he himself cemented his doom. Furthermore, in seeking the murderer of Laius, in his earnestness to punish the criminal, he unknowingly condemned himself. More over, when the truth of his identity was slowly untangling, he was so earnest in wanting to discover the whole truth that he made a way for his ruination. In truth, Oedipus was earnest because he wanted to set himself apart from the rest. He wanted to be a great leader in his nation. His exaggerated demonstrations of his intentions to save his nation were masked pride. He clearly wanted to be the â€Å"savior† of his kingdom. He celebrates at the power that he holds upon the people. This is obvious that he dares insult the oracle when he came to his presence. Moreover, being royals, Jocasta and Oedipus had the tendency to invalidate the fate the gods have in store for them. They have countless times declared that the oracle is false. This is clearly a sign of their pride that they could not fathom that there are any other being that is above them. At the end of the play, Oedipus took responsibility of his actions. But even in his broken state he was still proud. It was him who commanded Creon to bury Jocasta as he sees fit and to banish him from his nation. Although he no longer has any real power, he still managed to hold on to his last bits of power as a former king. Oedipus the King ended with Oedipus as a broken man banished from his kingdom and disgraced from the society. In Oedipus at Colonus, we find just that, a broken man. However, his brokenness should not be interpreted as newfound humility. Contrariwise, his decent into brokenness left him embittered. In the play, he again questions his fate. He even questions his sons’ decision in remaining adamant in his exile. The initial scene of the play rightly sets the tone for the story. Antigone was describing their trespass on holy ground that must be corrected with prayers and libation. It is ironing that Oedipus and Antigone, with full knowledge of the wrongness of their action still proceed to commit the deed then proceed to rectify the iniquitous. This is the theme all throughout the play, the characters all seemingly commit an action that they are fully aware that is not correct but still proceed to do so nonetheless. Again all of which is because of pride. When Creon abducts Oedipus’ daughters, Theseus proceeds to rescue them. He pretends that he did so because of honor and duty. However, in reality, Theseus’ primary objective is to save his own kingdom. In this play, most of the characters have hidden agenda. In the first two plays that Sophocles wrote, the characters were forthright with their motives. Antigone and Creon were so brash and obvious in their thoughts and beliefs in Antigone. In Oedipus the King, Oedipus lack of blunt motives led to his destruction. But in the third installment, the characters were more masked in their intentions. Even Oedipus, when he refused to go back to his city, he maintained that it was on the basis of his newfound holiness but in truth it was his pride that kept him from coming back. Why would come back to a city that shunned him? Or to the people that eschewed themselves from him? Moreover, in a confrontation with Polynices, he begins to questions his sons actions on why they were apathetic of his exile. He failed to realize that it was him who commanded Creon to exile him in the first place. Just as he was physically blind, he was also blind from the truth. Even in his deprivation he still was not able to fully see the extent of his mistakes and his pride. In the end, Oedipus’ death was inconsequential. For a character such as him, it is but ironic that his death was portrayed as merely peripheral with only Theseus as witness. Even the lamentations of Ismene and Antigone were not impassionate enough. Sophocles merely pointed out that no matter how great Oedipus was in his former glory, like everyone else, his end is just merely death – a fate that no great man can escape from.

Analysis of Robert Frost’s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Essay

Analysis of Robert Frost’s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The poem, â€Å"Stopping by Woods†¦Ã¢â‚¬  speaks of a time that the author paused during a trip to simply enjoy the quiet and beauty of nature. During this short stop, he contemplates mortality and his life so far. Frost also cleverly uses the poems form and sounds to enhance the poem, to entice the readers senses, and immerse them in the scene. With repetitive â€Å"s† and â€Å"h† sounds throughout the poem one can imagine the sound of the sled sliding through the snow, or perhaps the â€Å"easy wind and downy flake† through the trees. The poem was written in iambic tetrameter, which also lends a steady rhythm that mimics the motion of the sled. Or perhaps the â€Å"s† sound could signify that the main character is shivering, for it is the â€Å"darkest evening of the year†, and presumably the coldest. The last two lines of the poem, â€Å"And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep† seem to echo each other. Why did Frost repeat this phrase when one occurrence would be sufficient? The first â€Å"And miles† qu...

Prosecuting Cyber Bullying

Technology is frequently being used to display personal Information on social networking sites for everyone In the world to see. With this Instantaneous technology, the school bully has access to an easier, more harmful, and anonymous way to intimidate their victim. Cyber bullying has become a form of harassment that is creating a myriad of problems for teenagers and, therefore, needs to be dealt with properly.The sense of anonymity and the ability to disguise ones identity online increases Weber bullying activity by â€Å"making fun of, telling lies, spreading rumors, threats and sharing private Information or pictures [online]† (Lulls lines 31-32). In spite of the recent technological advancements, problems with bullying has existed for generations. At the click of a button, the threatening information that can be posted online can be seen throughout the world for anyone to see.Because more people have access to someone's private or embarrassing information, â€Å"an increa sed audience can often lead to more harmful bullying Incidents† (Macaque 27). Cyber lulling can be committed any where and at any time, therefore â€Å"the cyber bullies may not fully understand the Impact of their behavior on their victims† (Lulls line 9). Cyber bullying can negatively affect an individual and even lead to depression and thoughts of suicide. There are many well known stories of teenagers compelled to desperate, even suicidal acts after having been exposed to recurrent harassment by others online.For Instance, the devastating and well-known case off 13-year-old girl named Megan Meier, committed seclude allegedly due to cyber bullying (Macaque 141 After coming friends with a boy she met online, Megan, who had a lifelong struggle with weight and self-esteem, finally met a boy she thought she could trust. After weeks of friendly conversations online Megan was eager to strengthen their relationship by finally meeting each other in person. Flirtatious messag es from her online boyfriend â€Å"Josh† suddenly turned into disturbing and confusing remarks such as â€Å"the world would be a better place without you† (Macaque 16). Josh† even began to post spiteful comments on his site about Megan. Megan committed seclude to escape the main and humiliation she was put through (â€Å"Social Networking Web Sites† 3). Investigators soon discovered that the profile of â€Å"Josh Evans† was created by a 48- year-old woman named Lori Drew. Loris's intentions were to tease and embarrass Megan, her next door neighbor and a former friend of Loris's 13-year-old daughter (Macaque 28). This case brought national attention to the dire consequences of cyber bullying. The community was outraged and demanded charges to be brought against this mother.Lori went to court but was never convicted because there was no law against cyber bullying. Another instance of the horrific effects of cyber bullying is portrayed in the tragic s tory of 18-year-old Tyler Clementine. Tyler started his freshman year with a big future ahead of him and a great outlook on life. Invading Teller's privacy, his college roommate streamed private footage online from a WebMD that he held In their dorm (â€Å"Key Events in the History of Prosecuting Cybernetics† 8). Comments about his sexuality flooded through his inbox that night.Days after the video went viral, Tyler could not handle the embarrassment and committed suicide by â€Å"Jumping off of the George Washington Bridge† (â€Å"Prosecuting Cybernetics† par. 1). These are two highly publicized and tragic cases resulting from abuse online. There are thousands of other people that are being threatened and bullied through technology every day and no one knows about it. There is nothing positive that results from bullying, but some people still believe that cyber bullies should not be prosecuted because it is not a crime.Critics say that cyber bullying is not an issue that should have legal attention, â€Å"but a dilemma best solved by schools and parents† (â€Å"Prosecuting Cybernetics† par. 2). Many school districts throughout the country are attempting to educate their students about online safety and protection. In order to solve the problem of cyber bullying, the critics believe that schools should concentrate on â€Å"spreading messages of tolerance and civility to all young people† (â€Å"Prosecuting Cybernetics† par. 2). Another point that critics stress is that prosecuting cyber bullies violates â€Å"the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech† (Hayward 21).Opponents to the prosecution of cyber bullies need to take into account the innocent people that are being terrorized online ND their rights to protect themselves. Supporters of the prosecution of these online abusers agree that cyber bullying leads to many emotional problems for the victims. Cyber bullies purposely â€Å"target their vict ims, revealing personal information on the Internet or harassing them through frequent or threatening messages† (â€Å"Prosecuting Cybernetics† par. 16). More often than not, school administrators and parents fail to identify and stop cyber bullying before it is too late.Prosecutors need to take action in order to protect students online. Students are apprehensive to tell an adult about abuse online because they fear the bullying will only get worse. Victims feel that they are on their own in the endless abuse and â€Å"allegedly saw no choice for escape except to kill themselves† (Lulls 22). Historically, a person repeatedly bullied is not only a danger to themselves, but may even have the urge to harm others. For example, in the article â€Å"Prosecuting Cybernetics†, research has determined that â€Å"perpetrators of school violence?such as the two students who went on a shooting rampage at ColumbineHigh School in Colorado in 1999?often have a history of both bullying and being bullied themselves† (par. 31). Even though the cyber bully is not physically shoving the victim around, they are still able to instill a sense of fear and hopelessness in their victims. In order to punish cyber bullies for their conduct, new, up-to-date laws need to be passed for the protection of the innocent victim. With technology being the most popular form of communication, it is important to establish a law to â€Å"deter future bullying with a legal means to punish those who cause harm†.

Mental Disorder and Racism

Racism is the feelings with preference because of your skin, color, wealth, nationality, religious, and many other reasons. It is considered as a psychological disorder that exists in families, societies, and countries. The most common phenomena about racism which we all heard about is the one between black and white Americans, for it began long time ago and remained until these days. This problem between them even reached to our children, for they start also being racist without knowing, and some of them would also prefer white on black.For example, if you give your kid two toys one is white and the other is black, your kid will probably choose the white one, for he thinks it is better and prettier. Racism is spread a lot into our Arabian societies, and it is a disease with no cure. There are many bad results of racism in out societies. The bad effects that racism creates are discrimination between children in the family and discrimination between students in schools. The first effe ct of racism in our societies is the discrimination between children.Many parents prefer one child or more the most, for they are the youngest, the prettiest, the smartest, or the eldest. They start loving one child the most, and they stop giving love and care to others unconsciously, decrease that amount of care and love, stop treating them well, stop giving them attention, and stop giving them their rights eventually. Another example is that parents might not punish their favorite kid when acting bad, but they become so tough and strict when another one does something wrong.At this stage, parents don’t notice how they are discriminating between their children until others start behaving bad, so they know that they are jealous. The second effect of racism is creating problems with children. When parents discriminate between their children, they cause many problems to their kids. This leads to create psychological and mental disorders with them, jealousy, envy, grudge, fights between their kids, violence, and it can also harm their health.Kids start hating their brothers or sisters that their parents prefer, and they start thinking of how to harm them and make them have a bad image, so many fights will occur at this period. Children in their position will totally change with everyone, and they even become violent with the other strange kids. The most dangerous effect on them is the psychological disorders, for it is the hardest to deal with, and it will last with them for a long time if not being noticed early. The mental disorders will walk until it controls their behavior and attitude, and it will have an effect on the children on the long term.According to an article, a researcher says â€Å"If the theoretical models that propose racism as a stressor are correct, then its effects on children need to be studied in the same way as other stressors that have been shown to have negative effects on health and development (for example, poverty, violence, n eglect, abuse, and social upheaval). To assess the state of research into the effects of racism on child health and health care, a review of the literature was undertaken. † (Pediatr, 2009). The third effect of racism in our societies is the discrimination between students.In schools, many students face the fact that they feel some students are discriminated from other students. This action is caused by a lot of reasons such as the nationality, the relationship between the instructor and the student, and other reasons. Many teachers prefer some students because they are from their country, they know their parents, they are pretty, or they very smart, and they ignore those who aren’t smart or related to them in some way. Teachers start giving attention the most to them, give them more marks, become more kind with them, forgive them for their mistakes, and make things easier for them.It is illegal to treat students depending on those things although sometimes the feelings of love towards some students is with no control, but teachers must be careful on how they treat their students equally. The fourth effect of racism is creating problems with students. When a student feels that there is racism caused by the teacher, they wouldn’t accept or like that, for it is unfair. Since teachers know that the preference between students is bad, they must avoid it, so they don’t have to cope with bigger problems.Students start being hateful towards their classmates, being careless about their study, or become violent, and sometimes they start having bigger problems when this affects them even at home. There is no control over your attitude or behavior when there is a feeling of jealousy or racism, and students won’t be able to hide their feelings. The fifth effect of racism in our society is creating preference between different nationalities and religious. In our Arabian society, many people prefer specific people because they have similar nationalities or have the same religious, and you find this everywhere.Every single person thinks that his country and his people are the best among any country, so this person becomes racist with no good reason. In our nature, we unconsciously prefer people who are coming from the same country we come from, and even if they are bad we still prefer them, but this is wrong and its cause is racism. To conclude, it was mentioned that racism is a mental disorder which has many bad effects on us, on our societies, on our kids, and on our behavior and attitude. There are many examples of racism, and it exists everywhere and in everyone, but we must be careful how to treat people.The many problems of racism in our Arabian society are between students, between children in families, between adults in their workplace, and between relatives. Racism leads to discrimination which creates huge physical and psychological issues among young and old people, so we know that racism causes bad effects. Parents, teachers, and all adults must be aware on the way they treat children and students, so they don’t have to cause these bad effects on them. They should know also how not to make them become racist, and how to treat people well whatever their nationality, color, or skin was.

“Cat’s Eye” and “Jane Eyre” Essays

â€Å"Cat’s Eye† and â€Å"Jane Eyre† Essays â€Å"Cat’s Eye† and â€Å"Jane Eyre† Essay â€Å"Cat’s Eye† and â€Å"Jane Eyre† Essay Essay Topic: Jane Eyre Literature Differences between the two writers start at the beginning of their lives as they both have very diverse backgrounds. Bronte was born into an upper class family in 1816, a time when men were seen as being superior and intellectually stronger than their female counterparts. However Bronte and her two sisters were determined to break the prejudice of the time in order to pursue their natural talents and ambition. The discrimination of the time was so prominent that Jane Eyre was published under the pseudonym, Currer Bell, a more neutral name. In doing so Bronte made a significant contribution to the world of literature and womans rights. Alternatively Atwoods novels were not so influential as she was born in a time of equality into a family of great academic success. Atwood is a contemporary Canadian writer who has received numerous accolades and scholarships in recognition of her literary skills. This diverse background is mirrored in the two novels through the characters and the language. This makes it very interesting for me to compare the two writers as both display the ability to capture ones attention with the same theme yet their styles are poles apart. This adds to the variety and depth of creative writing. Cats Eye is written in a very unique and graphic style and this is prevalent throughout the book. The story is told with a wealth of description and vivid language. A plethora of descriptive forms are used throughout to great effect. Similes are frequently used to describe a host of things and this literary device allows the author to express the story in a graphic and at times shocking manner. For example It sounds like a cavity being filled, in a tooth, inside my head. This is obviously very effective as it allows an insight into how Elaine perceives the situations surrounding her. Similes are also used to illustrate the images that Elaine encounters as in the case of the Receding darkness, like a tunnel. This effective method of description enhances the readers own feelings towards the characters in the book and the pain that Elaine feels. This device is used to provoke maximum empathy from the audience as in the case of the covert feet peeling that were Smooth, like mushrooms. Similes are used to such effect that they become a tell tale sign of Atwoods style. Jane Eyre is written very differently to Cats Eye and this is obvious from the scarce use of similes that play such an important role in Atwoods novel. I found a small number of occasions when this device was used and the image of rising from a chair Like a spring is very effective in illustrating her character as it shows that Jane shot up from the chair at great speed and that it was the only way her character would allow her to go as she is constantly struggling against her oppressors, just as a spring is always trying to burst open. Cats Eye is not only very graphic which is in extreme contrast to the author of Jane Eyre but the literature is riddled with colloquialisms and American dialect, used to successfully express a whole host of varying conditions. Elaine is describing Cordelias bangs when we first read, an obvious Americanism for fringe. The colloquialisms are often harsh and on occasions blasphemous. This causes a great schism between Bronte and Attwood as Brontes language is archaic and is bound by the rigid social mores of the late twentieth century. Swear words are usually used in connection with Cordelia, as they are effective in illustrating her precocious mannerisms and scornful disposition. On the occasions that Elaine uses foul language it implies a sense of corruption in a young girl that is and should remain innocent. An example of this is the Cat piss, fragrance of the nightshade. They also show a contrast in her thoughts and similar thoughts of other young girls as she so readily admits that the smell of Shit blend in her mind into an image of ultra sophistication. The author uses colloquialism in such a diverse manner that they can also show the innocence, and to an extent the corruption, of Cordelia as is evident when she is informing the girls about titties and the Safe that they found. This Americanism is a shroud around the true identity and use of a condom. Yet other Americanisms such as Sidewalks and downtown are an outward sign of the novels setting. Once again Bronte shows a great contrast; this is because she uses very little and insignificant amounts of colloquialisms. This is because at the time the book was written any improper English would be unacceptable especially any cursing. The archaic style of Jane Eyre is also apparent from the now dated English. An excellent example of this is the use of inversion Bessie answered not as this is now no longer seen as necessary. Onomatopoeia is used effectively to describe various sounds, often contributing to the graphic realism that recurs throughout the novel. These sounds are generally used to heighten all of our senses to the descriptions that are engaged in order to explicitly illustrate the message that Atwood is aiming to convey. The apples mush under Elaines feet as she walks toward Carol giving the sentence an amount of life and interest. The Word Sqooshing is used to describe the ringing of clothes, in the wringer; this is childlike yet descriptive. One example of onomatopoeia in particular is used to simulate the Crash of the metaphorical ten stacks of plates that Cordelia has devised. The word crash is ruthless and imposing, it dominates Elaine as when it is spoken it causes her to feel extreme distress. However in Brontes Jane Eyre Onomatopoeia is not a predominant characteristic. I deduce that this is due to the difference in writing calibre as Atwood can be a much lighter read whereas Bronte provides a challenging and substantial novel. I think that the lack of onomatopoeia is because it is often seen as being childlike and un-descriptive. Although I personally feel that the name Jane Eyre is strong and rigid I believe that this it is short with only two syllables yet it gives the impression of being meaningful and solid. I think that this is used to reflect Janes character. Atwood uses metaphors to add to her patchwork of literary tools. A very prominent example of this is the introduction of Rudolph the reindeer; he is a metaphor for Elaine as there is Something wrong with him as Elaine believes that there is something wrong with her. Yet Rudolphs abnormality becomes his saving grace, as ironically it is this that helps makes him a Christmas hero. This gives Elaine hope as she can relate to him, as they both have abnormalities and they both wish to be wanted. Because Rudolph can succeed in doing this I think that she hopes that the same will happen to her. Metaphors are used when Elaine is watching the flaccid bubbles of the porridge. I adored the motion that I too could see what Elaine was seeing because the imagery was so successful. This same scene travels around the kitchen to Pinpoint bubbles of hot water in the Inking the water brown. This metaphor I feel is very effective as most readers would never think of a coffee percolator inking the water brown and because of this originality I believe that it gives the description more depth and impact. Bronte also uses metaphors and they play an important role in Jane Eyre so much so that Bronte uses them straight from the outset. When Jane is reading a book illustrating how the northern ocean boils round the naked melancholy isles. This is a metaphor for the isolation that Jane feels as she too is surrounded by harsh elitist assailants. Metaphors also play a big role in Janes first meeting of Mr. Brocklehurst, as he is a black pillar and a Stony stranger. These metaphors give him an image of massiveness, imperturbability, callousness and a rigidly harsh character. Elaine the central character in Cats Eye is a victim of savage and unrelenting bullying. She is betrayed throughout this in such a manner that there are various views that the audience will take. The view that one chooses to adopt governs the amount of empathy they will feel for Elaine. I presume that this most probably stems from how one will relate to Elaine in accordance to their personal character. Our first impression of how Elaine reacts when in the company of Cordelia comes when they meet for the first time. Elaine is dumb-founded by Cordelias ostentatious greeting and is shy of her families and her own grubbiness. This gives the reader the impression that Elaine; is not a dominant person, lacks confidence and is a girl who is naturally a little quiet and does not react very well in uncomfortable situations. Yet at this point Elaine seems no different from many other girls her age, as it is perfectly normal for a young girl to be shy when outnumbered and in a strange environment. However our first impression of Jane is incredibly different as Janes personality is the absolute opposite of Elaines. This is immediately obvious from the outset as Jane illustrates the scene of Mrs. Reed reclined on a sofa with her little darlings, clustered round her this is said in a very sarcastic tone as Jane says for the time neither quarrelling nor crying. Elaine would never feel any sort of contempt towards her oppressors yet Jane readily derides the Reed family and notices their faults. This gives the reader the distinct impression that Jane has a strong sense of justice. We arrive at a clearer picture of Elaine and her friends, when she is buried in initially a hole. This Game is a facade and is obviously seedier than it first appears, indeed Elaine preliminarily thought it was a game then when she Cant hear. the voices of her friends above her on the other side of planks and sodden earth. she feels sadness and a sense of betrayal once she realises It is not one. (Game), This is a turning point for Elaine as this is the first instance that she has become a victim of Cordelia and the others, yet it is worth noting at this point that she feels the same emotions that most other people would feel. This is not the difference between Elaine and most other people; it is how she reacted which is the significant point. After being released from her underground prison, The game or another game continued. This portrays Elaine to be Spineless and this would be uncharacteristic for most of the audience. It makes us feel anger towards Elaine, as she is being foolish for permitting herself to be manipulated, ridiculed and humiliated. Elaine makes a profound comment at the end of this paragraph as she describes this as the point at which I lost power. This comment is very perturbing and it portrays Elaine as a powerless victim. Although she is decisive about the above comments she also very unsure and confused about the exact details regarding the burial incident. This leads the audience to believe that the episode was so terrifying that it has been erased from her memory. Elaine is depicted as being confused. This is also the case for her ninth birthday party when all that she can remember Is a sense of shame and failure. At this point I felt very little compassion for Elaine although I did feel increasing amounts of contempt for Cordelia. Similarly there is a single moment in Jane Eyre when the audience realise the character and calibre of the person that Jane is and I believe that this is the red room incident, which has its similarities to Elaines burial incident. On Mrs. Reeds instruction Jane was borne to the red room as she resisted all the way like a mad cat after Jane hit john Reed in defence after he repeatedly struck her. This shows the first major difference in the two girls dispositions as Elaine was freely led into her hole whereas Jane did everything in her power to prevent the anticipated incarceration and so was physically dragged. When Bessie and Abbot thrust Jane upon a stool it was her impulse, to rise from it like a spring. This portrays to the audience that Jane is a spirited and resilient young girl and the complete antithesis of Elaine. Eventually when Jane was imprisoned it becomes apparent that the red room is very frightening for Jane as this was where Mr. Reed had died. This did not stop Janes adrenalin from running after the previous battle as she felt like a revolted slave this feeling was followed by a torrent of questions and injustice as she felt forever condemned. Once again Jane is questioning her persecutors whereas Elaine remains a compliant and willing victim. However the room began to take its toll on Jane and she like Elaine started to feel inadequate, as she was not a handsome, romping child. Her courage began to sink as time drew on and her spirit dissipated away. This was unlike Elaine as she never had any courage and so had none to loose. Janes spirit descends so low that she begged her oppressors to be freed and this was most uncharacteristic of Jane. However her Plea for mercy was ignored causing Jane to have a species of fit. This was a common response for Elaine as she too had tendencies to faint and so became an escape mechanism. As a result of the burial incident and Cordelias persecution Elaine describes her wrong memory of how lethal deadly nightshade can be, and it is apparent for the first time that she has a preoccupation with death. The audience later realises that Elaine also resorts to self mutilation in the endless time when Cordelia had such power over her as it gave her something definite to think about. This new discovery provokes the audience to perceive Elaine in two major different ways. The first that she is a disturbed and very badly affected young girl because of the bullying thereby provoking sympathy and heartache; yet others may feel that she is foolish for hurting herself and purposely damaging her body because of bullying that could easily have been stopped by almost any elder, if she had confided in them. Contrastingly Jane was affected by her ordeal in a very different way although she as well as Elaine also suffered from memory loss. Jane immediately confided in the first possible person regarding her ordeal, which would be completely unimaginable for Elaine. This person was the apothecary Mr. Lloyd, usually employed for the servants medical needs and had come to visit Jane. She also confided in great detail to Helen Burns later on in the book. Although she too did suffer from some long-term effects as Jane admitted that she still felt reverberations to this day Elains state deteriorates throughout the novel she becomes a mutilated wreck due to the relentless oppression. Cordelias methods of keeping the bullying covert are hugely successful as letting anyone in on the goings on would be unthinkable. Elaine is such a willing victim due to a multitude of reasons that are all intertwined. She believes that the bullying is for her Own good because they are, her best friends who are just helping her improve. This serves to make the audience feel that she is foolish, yet for others it will make them feel compassion for the obvious pain and injustice that she has to endure. She is also terrified of losing her best friends as she has never had any before Elaine obviously wants to feel like she belongs and is wanted by her friends and it is chiefly this feeling that keeps her silent. Another contributory factor is the relentless bullying is not black and white as it is not physical or involving obvious hatred Elaine feels that if she were to confide in anybody they would not understand as she had not had any palpable harm caused to her. This fear was confirmed when her mother confides that She wishes she knew what to do. Elaine does not confide in anybody about her mistreatment because she believes that it is her own fault, for not having more backbone. This seems irrelevant to the more mature reader who can clearly see the distinctive differences between friends giving constructive criticism and a group of protagonists degrading a self-conscious young girl. Elaine is possibly like this because of her lack of self worth and her craving for friendship.

Biography of Lewis Chesty Puller, U.S. Marine

Biography of Lewis 'Chesty' Puller, U.S. Marine Lewis B. Chesty Puller (June 26, 1898–October 11, 1971) was a U.S. Marine who saw battle experience in World War II and in the Korean War conflict. He was one of the most decorated Marines in U.S. history. Fast Facts: Lewis B. 'Chesty' Puller Known For: One of the most decorated U.S. Marines in history, serving in World War II and KoreaBorn:Â  June 26, 1898 in West Point, VirginiaParents: Martha Richardson Leigh and Matthew M. PullerDied: October 11, 1971 at the Portsmouth Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, VirginiaEducation: Virginia Military Institute (1917–1918)Spouse: Virginia Montague Evans (m. November 13, 1937)Children: Virginia McCandlish (b. 1938), twins Martha Leigh and Lewis Burwell Puller, Jr. (b. 1944) Early Life Lewis B. Chesty Puller was born June 26, 1898, at West Point, Virginia, the third of four children born to Matthew M. Puller and Martha Richardson Leigh (known as Pattie). Matthew Puller was a wholesale grocer, and Lewis had two older sisters and a younger brother. In 1908, Matthew died, and in the familys reduced circumstances, Lewis Puller was forced to aid in supporting his family at the age of 10. He continued on at school, but he hawked crabs at the local waterfront amusement park and then worked as a laborer in a pulp mill. Interested in military matters from a young age, he attempted to join the U.S. Army in 1916 to take part in the Punitive Expedition to capture Mexican leader Pancho Villa. Underage at the time, Puller was blocked by his mother who refused to consent to his enlistment. When war was declared with Germany at the start of World War I, Puller was 17 and he accepted an appointment to Virginia Military Institute as a state cadet, receiving financial assistance in return for later service. A mediocre student, he spent the summer at a Reserve Officer Training Corps camp in New York. Joining the Marines With the U.S. entry into World War I in April 1917, Puller quickly became restless and tired of his studies. Inspired by the U.S. Marines performance at Belleau Wood, he departed VMI and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps. Completing basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina, Puller received an appointment to officer candidate school. Passing through the course at Quantico, Virginia, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant on June 16, 1919. His time as an officer proved brief, as a postwar reduction in the USMC saw him moved to the inactive list 10 days later. Haiti Not willing to forego his military career, Puller rejoined the Marines on June 30 as an enlisted man with the rank of corporal. Assigned to Haiti, he served in the Gendarmerie dHaiti as a lieutenant and aided in combating Cacos rebels. Formed under a treaty between the U.S. and Haiti, the gendarmerie possessed American officers, largely Marines, and Haitian enlisted personnel. While in Haiti, Puller worked to regain his commission and served as adjutant to Major Alexander Vandegrift. Returning to the U.S. in March 1924, he was successful in obtaining a commission as a second lieutenant. Navy Crosses Over the next four years, Puller moved through a variety of barracks assignments that took him from the East Coast to Pearl Harbor. In December 1928, he received orders to join a detachment of the Nicaraguan National Guard. Arriving in Central America, Puller spent the next two years battling bandits. For his efforts in mid-1930, he was awarded the Navy Cross. Returning home in 1931, he completed the Company Officers Course before again sailing for Nicaragua. Remaining until October 1932, Puller won a second Navy Cross for his performance against the insurgents. Overseas Afloat In early 1933, Puller sailed to join the Marine Detachment at the American Legation in Beijing, China. While there, he led the famed Horse Marines before departing to oversee the detachment aboard the cruiser USS Augusta. While aboard, he came to know the cruisers skipper, Captain Chester W. Nimitz. In 1936, Puller was made an instructor at the Basic School in Philadelphia. After three years in the classroom, he returned to Augusta. This homecoming proved short as he went ashore in 1940 for service with the 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines at Shanghai. On November 13, 1937, he married Virginia Montague Evans, who he had met a decade before. Together they had three children: Virginia McCandlish Puller (born in 1938), and twins Lewis Burwell Puller, Jr. and Martha Leigh Puller, born in 1944. World War II In August 1941, Puller, now a major, departed China to take command of the 1st Battalion, 7th Marines at Camp Lejeune. He was in this role when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and the U.S. entered World War II. In the months that followed, Puller prepared his men for war and the battalion sailed to defend Samoa. Arriving in May 1942, his command remained in the islands through the summer until being ordered to join Vandegrifts 1st Marine Division during the Battle of Guadalcanal. Coming ashore in September, his men quickly went into action along the Matanikau River. Coming under intense attack, Puller won a Bronze Star when he signaled USS Monssen to aid in rescuing trapped American forces. In late October, Pullers battalion played a key role during the Battle of Guadalcanal. Holding back massive Japanese attacks, Puller won a third Navy Cross for his performance, while one his men, Staff Sergeant John Basilone, received the Medal of Honor. After the division left Guadalcanal, Puller was made the executive officer of the 7th Marine Regiment. In this role, he took part in the Battle of Cape Gloucester in late 1943 and early 1944. Leading From the Front During the opening weeks of the campaign, Puller won a fourth Navy Cross for his efforts in directing Marine units in attacks against the Japanese. On February 1, 1944, Puller was promoted to colonel and later took command of the 1st Marine Regiment. Finishing the campaign, Pullers men sailed for the Russell Islands in April before preparing for the Battle of Peleliu. Landing on the island in September, Puller fought to overcome a tenacious Japanese defense. For his work during the engagement, he received the Legion of Merit. The Korean War With the island secured, Puller returned to the U.S. in November to lead the Infantry Training Regiment at Camp Lejeune. He was in this role when the war ended in 1945. In the years after World War II, Puller oversaw a variety of commands including the 8th Reserve District and the Marine Barracks at Pearl Harbor. With the outbreak of the Korean War, Puller again took command of the 1st Marine Regiment. Preparing his men, he took part in General Douglas MacArthurs landings at Inchon in September 1950. For his efforts during the landings, Puller won the Silver Star and a second Legion of Merit. Taking part in the advance into North Korea, Puller played a key role in the Battle of Chosin Reservoir in November and December. Performing brilliantly against overwhelming numbers, Puller earned the Distinguished Service Cross from the U.S. Army and fifth Navy Cross for his role in the battle. Promoted to brigadier general in January 1951, he briefly served as assistant commander of the 1st Marine Division before temporarily taking command the following month after the transfer of Major General O.P. Smith. He remained in this role until returning to the United States in May. Later Career and Death Briefly leading the 3rd Marine Brigade at Camp Pendleton, Puller remained with the unit when it became the 3rd Marine Division in January 1952. Promoted to major general in September 1953, he was given command of the 2nd Marine Division at Camp Lejeune the following July. Plagued by decaying health, Puller was forced to retire on November 1, 1955. One of the most decorated Marines in history, Puller won the nations second-highest decorations six times and received two Legions of Merit, a Silver Star, and a Bronze Star. Puller himself said he was uncertain how he came to be nicknamed Chesty. It may have been a reference to his big, thrust-out chest; chesty in the Marines also means cocky. Receiving a final promotion to lieutenant general, Puller retired to Virginia, where he died after a series of strokes on October 11, 1971.